The Criminalisation of Dissent: How Fear Reshapes Democratic Participation in Pakistan
The erosion of civic space in Pakistan is increasingly reflected in the legal and institutional pressures surrounding public dissent. From journalists facing prosecution under cybercrime laws to ordinary citizens being held accountable for messages shared in online groups, the consequences of restrictive enforcement extend well beyond individual cases. The resulting climate of apprehension encourages self-censorship, weakens public scrutiny and limits citizens’ ability to engage with state institutions. Protecting democratic accountability requires clear legal safeguards, transparent enforcement and equal protection for those who question the exercise of power.









